一、帮助命令

docker version       #查看docker版本（有client和server，看到server起来了才说明docker起来了）
docker info          #显示docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help   #万能命令

  帮助文档的地址：https://docs.docker.com/reference/

img

二、镜像命令

1、查看镜像

  docker images 列出本地镜像

  语法：docker images [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]

  OPTIONS说明：

-a，–all 列出本地所有的镜像（含中间映像层，默认情况下，隐藏中间映像层）
–digests 显示镜像的摘要信息（签名）
-f，–fliter 根据条件对输出结果进行过滤
–format 格式化输出结果
–no-trunc 不截断输出，即显示完整的镜像ID信息
-q 只显示镜像ID 
#列出最近创建的镜像
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker images     
REPOSITORY      TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
mysql           latest    5a4e492065c7   11 days ago    514MB
hello-world     latest    d1165f221234   5 months ago   13.3kB
centos          latest    300e315adb2f   8 months ago   209MB
80x86/typecho   latest    3437f7346b4c   2 years ago    53.9MB

#列出指定镜像名hello-world:latest的信息
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker images hello-world:latest
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
hello-world   latest    d1165f221234   5 months ago   13.3kB

#列出镜像名为hello-world的所有镜像信息
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker images hello-world
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
hello-world   latest    d1165f221234   5 months ago   13.3kB


#也可以使用模糊查找的方式：
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker images hello-world
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
hello-world   latest    d1165f221234   5 months ago   13.3kB


#显示镜像完整的ID
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker images --no-trunc
REPOSITORY      TAG       IMAGE ID                                                                  CREATED        SIZE
mysql           latest    sha256:5a4e492065c722ec8cc7413552bafc6fd5434c5ad90797e898ccc4e347e21aa5   11 days ago    514MB
hello-world     latest    sha256:d1165f2212346b2bab48cb01c1e39ee8ad1be46b87873d9ca7a4e434980a7726   5 months ago   13.3kB
centos          latest    sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55   8 months ago   209MB
80x86/typecho   latest    sha256:3437f7346b4c58c7451ff6e398f9b8e4019a7a34186af61aba54d0f00a71a398   2 years ago    53.9MB


#显示镜像的摘要（签名）
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker images --digests
REPOSITORY      TAG       DIGEST                                                                   IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
mysql           latest    sha256:d45561a65aba6edac77be36e0a53f0c1fba67b951cb728348522b671ad63f926   5a4e492065c7   11 days ago    514MB
hello-world     latest    sha256:7d91b69e04a9029b99f3585aaaccae2baa80bcf318f4a5d2165a9898cd2dc0a1   d1165f221234   5 months ago   13.3kB
centos          latest    sha256:5528e8b1b1719d34604c87e11dcd1c0a20bedf46e83b5632cdeac91b8c04efc1   300e315adb2f   8 months ago   209MB
80x86/typecho   latest    sha256:4af25c76919efa862d59aeb3a2d9f2394ad3ef4b338037e8a2499c55011dbbf7   3437f7346b4c   2 years ago    53.9MB


#筛选在hello-world:latest镜像之前创建的镜像
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker images -f "before=hello-world:latest"
REPOSITORY      TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
centos          latest    300e315adb2f   8 months ago   209MB
80x86/typecho   latest    3437f7346b4c   2 years ago    53.9MB


#筛选在hello-world:latest镜像之后创建的镜像
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker images -f "since=hello-world:latest"
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
mysql        latest    5a4e492065c7   11 days ago   514MB


#列出虚悬镜像
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker images -f "dangling=true"
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID   CREATED   SIZE


#显示镜像ID和镜像名
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker images --format "{{.ID}}: {{.Repository}}"
5a4e492065c7: mysql
d1165f221234: hello-world
300e315adb2f: centos
3437f7346b4c: 80x86/typecho


#以表格的形式显示镜像ID、镜像名和镜像标签
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker images --format "table {{.ID}}\t{{.Repository}}\t{{.Tag}}"
IMAGE ID       REPOSITORY      TAG
5a4e492065c7   mysql           latest
d1165f221234   hello-world     latest
300e315adb2f   centos          latest
3437f7346b4c   80x86/typecho   latest


#解释
REPOSITORY   镜像的仓库源
TAG          镜像的标签
IMAGE ID     镜像的id
CREATED      镜像的创建时间
SIZE         镜像的大小

2、搜索镜像

  docker search 搜索镜像

  语法：docker search [OPTIONS] TERM

  OPTIONS说明：

–automated 只列出 automated build类型的镜像
-f，–filter 列出收藏数不小于指定值的镜像
–no-trunc 不截断输出，即显示完整的镜像ID信息 
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker search mysql
NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql                             MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   11332     [OK]
mariadb                           MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4307      [OK]
mysql/mysql-server                Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create…   840                  [OK]
phpmyadmin                        phpMyAdmin - A web interface for MySQL and M…   305       [OK]


#从 Docker Hub 查找所有镜像名包含mysql，并且收藏数大于等于 3000 的镜像
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker search mysql -f stars=3000
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql     MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   11334     [OK]
mariadb   MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4307      [OK]


#参数说明
NAME           #镜像仓库源的名称
DESCRIPTION    #镜像的描述
OFFICIAL       #是否 docker 官方发布
STARS          #类似 Github 里面的 star，表示点赞、喜欢的意思。
AUTOMATED      #自动构建

3、下载镜像

  docker pull 下载镜像

  语法：docker pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG|@DIGEST]

  OPTIONS说明：

-a 拉取所有 tagged 镜像
–disable-content-trust 忽略镜像的校验,默认开启 
下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest  #如果不写tag，默认就是latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
e1acddbe380c: Pull complete   #分层下载，docker image的核心  联合文件系统
bed879327370: Pull complete
03285f80bafd: Pull complete
ccc17412a00a: Pull complete
1f556ecc09d1: Pull complete
adc5528e468d: Pull complete
1afc286d5d53: Pull complete
6c724a59adff: Pull complete
0f2345f8b0a3: Pull complete
c8461a25b23b: Pull complete
3adb49279bed: Pull complete
77f22cd6c363: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:d45561a65aba6edac77be36e0a53f0c1fba67b951cb728348522b671ad63f926  #签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest    #真实地址

#等价关系
docker pull mysql
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest

#指定版本下载
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
e1acddbe380c: Already exists
bed879327370: Already exists
03285f80bafd: Already exists
ccc17412a00a: Already exists
1f556ecc09d1: Already exists
adc5528e468d: Already exists
1afc286d5d53: Already exists
4d2d9261e3ad: Pull complete
ac609d7b31f8: Pull complete
53ee1339bc3a: Pull complete
b0c0a831a707: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:7cf2e7d7ff876f93c8601406a5aa17484e6623875e64e7acc71432ad8e0a3d7e
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7

#下载REPOSITORY为mysql的所有镜像
docker pull -a mysql

img

4、删除镜像

  docker rmi 删除本地一个或多个镜像

  语法：docker rmi [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]

  OPTIONS说明：

-f 强制删除
–no-prune 不移除该镜像的过程镜像，默认移除 
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker rmi -f 镜像id   #强制删除指定的镜像
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker rmi -f 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id  #强制删除多个指定的镜像
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)   #强制删除所有的镜像

三、容器命令

说明：我们有了镜像才可以创建容器，Linux系统下下载一个CentOS镜像来测试学习

  docker pull centos

img

1、新建容器并运行命令

  docker run 创建一个新的容器并运行一个命令

  语法：docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]

  OPTIONS说明：

-d, –detach=false 指定容器运行于前台还是后台，默认为false，为true则后台运行
-i, –interactive=false 打开STDIN，用于控制台交互
-t, –tty=false 分配tty设备，该可以支持终端登录，默认为false
-u, –user=”” 指定容器的用户
-a, –attach=[] 登录容器（必须是以docker run -d启动的容器）
-w, –workdir=”” 指定容器的工作目录
-c, –cpu-shares=0 设置容器CPU权重，在CPU共享场景使用
-e, –env=[] 指定环境变量，容器中可以使用该环境变量
-m, –memory=”” 指定容器的内存上限
-P, –publish-all=false 随机指定容器暴露的端口
-p, –publish=[] 指定容器暴露的端口
-h, –hostname=”” 指定容器的主机名
-v, –volume=[] 给容器挂载存储卷，挂载到容器的某个目录
–volumes-from=[] 给容器挂载其他容器上的卷，挂载到容器的某个目录
–cap-add=[] 添加权限，权限清单详见：http://linux.die.net/man/7/capabilities
–cap-drop=[] 删除权限，权限清单详见：http://linux.die.net/man/7/capabilities
–cidfile=”” 运行容器后，在指定文件中写入容器PID值，一种典型的监控系统用法
–cpuset=”” 设置容器可以使用哪些CPU，此参数可以用来容器独占CPU
–device=[] 添加主机设备给容器，相当于设备直通
–dns=[] 指定容器的dns服务器
–dns-search=[] 指定容器的dns搜索域名，写入到容器的/etc/resolv.conf文件
–entrypoint=”” 覆盖image的入口点
–env-file=[] 指定环境变量文件，文件格式为每行一个环境变量
–expose=[] 指定容器暴露的端口，即修改镜像的暴露端口
–link=[] 指定容器间的关联，使用其他容器的IP、env等信息
–lxc-conf=[] 指定容器的配置文件，只有在指定–exec-driver=lxc时使用
–name=”” 指定容器名字，后续可以通过名字进行容器管理，links特性需要使用名字
–net=”bridge” 容器网络设置: 使用docker daemon指定的网桥
–net=”host” 容器网络设置: 容器使用主机的网络
–net=”container” 容器网络设置: 使用其他容器的网路，共享IP和PORT等网络资源
–net=”none” 容器网络设置: 容器使用自己的网络（类似–net=bridge），但是不进行配置
–privileged=false 指定容器是否为特权容器，特权容器拥有所有的capabilities
–restart=”no” 容器退出时不重启
–restart=”on-failure” 容器故障退出（返回值非零）时重启
–restart=”always” 容器退出时总是重启
–rm=false 指定容器停止后自动删除容器(不支持以docker run -d启动的容器)
–sig-proxy=true 设置由代理接受并处理信号，但是SIGCHLD、SIGSTOP和SIGKILL不能被代理

  常用命令参数

-d 让容器后台运行
-it 保持标准输入打开（默认为false），让容器保持交互状态，不把阻塞/等待输入当成是任务结束
-p 主机端口:容器端口 #映射容器的端口号
-P 随机映射镜像所需要的端口号
-v 主机路径:容器路径 映射容器的存储卷
–rm 容器运行结束后自动销毁(连尸体都不会有)
–name 设置容器名称
–hostname 设置容器的主机名
–restart=always 设置容器开机自动启动（systemctl start docker，systemctl enable docker搭配）

img

#运行一个在后台执行的容器，同时，还能用控制台管理
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker run -i -t -d centos:latest
e599b223e7e00bda6dd1af7d02248ea83c167e62e97d6a9ad821dc0b8e4c4a53
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE           COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
e599b223e7e0   centos:latest   "/bin/bash"   5 seconds ago   Up 4 seconds             lucid_banach


#运行一个带命令在后台不断执行的容器，不直接展示容器内部信息
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE           COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
e599b223e7e0   centos:latest   "/bin/bash"   5 seconds ago   Up 4 seconds             lucid_banach
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker run -d centos:latest ping www.docker.com
626b539eeba4c0fe45770d7db8782bf4f20a9c207fbdc726663700ac150cdd4e
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE           COMMAND                 CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
626b539eeba4   centos:latest   "ping www.docker.com"   5 seconds ago   Up 4 seconds             nifty_solomon
e599b223e7e0   centos:latest   "/bin/bash"             2 minutes ago   Up 2 minutes             lucid_banach


#为容器指定一个名字。
#容器暴露80端口，并指定宿主机2021端口与其通信(: 之前是宿主机端口，之后是容器需暴露的端口)
#指定容器内目录与宿主机目录共享(: 之前是宿主机文件夹，之后是容器需共享的文件夹)，
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker run -it -d --name=centos_server -p 2021:80 -v /etc/www:/var/www centos:latest
1e605144b3c4dc66112c7d8fba0b2dabada1d897523c56dc159705335dba5ae0
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE           COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                                   NAMES
1e605144b3c4   centos:latest   "/bin/bash"   3 seconds ago   Up 2 seconds   0.0.0.0:2021->80/tcp, :::2021->80/tcp   centos_server

#测试，启动并进入容器
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@286621faf844 /]# ls    #查看容器内的centos，基础版本，很多命令都不完善
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

2、查看运行中的容器

  docker ps

  语法：docker ps [OPTIONS]

-a #查看所有容器，包括未运行的
-l #查看最后一个运行的容器
-n #列出最近创建的n个容器
–no-trunc #不截断输出
-q #静默模式，只显示容器ID
-s #显示总的文件大小 
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE           COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
286621faf844   centos          "/bin/bash"              6 minutes ago   Exited (0) 4 minutes ago              eloquent_chaplygin
c3740c67c633   hello-world     "/hello"                 2 hours ago     Exited (0) 2 hours ago                agitated_lamarr
dea8fbdd52bb   80x86/typecho   "/entrypoint.sh /app…"   3 months ago    Exited (137) 2 months ago             infallible_blackwell
1663d813cab4   80x86/typecho   "/entrypoint.sh /app…"   3 months ago    Exited (137) 3 months ago             cranky_dirac


#列出最近创建的2个容器信息
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker ps -n 2
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE           COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
286621faf844   centos          "/bin/bash"              6 minutes ago   Exited (0) 4 minutes ago              eloquent_chaplygin
c3740c67c633   hello-world     "/hello"                 2 hours ago     Exited (0) 2 hours ago                agitated_lamarr

3、退出容器

（1）容器里面

  当我们在容器里面的时候，退出容器的方式有多个

img

（2）容器外面

  docker stop 容器名/id

  docker start 容器名/id(已经停止的容器)

4、进入当前正在运行的容器

  docker attach 容器id #从前台进入容器（进入后exit退出了就会杀死容器）

  docker exec -it 容器id bash #从后门进入容器（进入后exit退出了只是退出了bash，并不会杀死容器）

#我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的，需要进入容器，修改一些配置

#命令
docker exec -it 容器id bashshell


#方法一
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
4519755902f9   centos    "/bin/bash"   3 minutes ago   Up 3 minutes             charming_mendeleev
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker exec -it 4519755902f9 bash
[root@4519755902f9 /]# ps -ef
UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root         1     0  0 12:49 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root        15     0  0 12:54 pts/1    00:00:00 bash
root        29    15  0 12:54 pts/1    00:00:00 ps -ef
[root@4519755902f9 /]# exit
exit
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
4519755902f9   centos    "/bin/bash"   6 minutes ago   Up 6 minutes             charming_mendeleev


#方法二
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
4519755902f9   centos    "/bin/bash"   6 minutes ago   Up 6 minutes             charming_mendeleev
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker attach 4519755902f9
[root@4519755902f9 /]# exit
exit
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES


#docker exec   #进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作（常用）
#docker attach #进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的终端

5、启动和停止容器的操作

docker start 容器id      #启动容器
docker restart 容器id    #重启容器
docker stop 容器id       #停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id       #强制停止当前容器

6、删除容器

docker rm 容器id    #删除指定的容器，不能删除正在运行的容器，如果要强制删除rm -f
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)     #删除所有的容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm   #删除所有的容器。xargs 可以将管道或标准输入（stdin）数据转                                    换成命令行参数，也能够从文件的输出中读取数据。

四、常用其他命令

1、后台启动容器

[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker run -d centos
629a55e2dcbd2c225fa93496c2c3afdda4fe3ecea978178f638cfc246c573021
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker run -it -d centos
4519755902f94979002e9188463dc3684f34f52ee15ce7fc098a1819f618287b
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
4519755902f9   centos    "/bin/bash"   3 seconds ago   Up 2 seconds             charming_mendeleev
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
4519755902f9   centos    "/bin/bash"   9 seconds ago    Up 8 seconds                          charming_mendeleev
629a55e2dcbd   centos    "/bin/bash"   25 seconds ago   Exited (0) 24 seconds ago             elastic_shockley


#问题：docker ps发现centos停止了

#常见的坑：docker容器使用后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进程，docker容器启动后，如果发现自己没有提供服务，就会立即停止

2、查看日志

  docker logs

  语法：docker logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINER

-f # 跟踪日志输出
–since # 显示某个开始时间的所有日志
-t # 显示时间戳
–tail # 仅列出最新N条容器日志 
#跟踪查看容器的日志输出
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker run -it -d centos ping www.docker.com
436d7e51cf42977ed7683169d0277fa50719e3b74b379e691324c1f9b65b7d2e
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                 CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
436d7e51cf42   centos    "ping www.docker.com"   6 seconds ago   Up 5 seconds             musing_hypatia
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker logs -f -t --tail 10 436d7e51cf42
2021-08-29T13:03:43.358471450Z 64 bytes from server-65-9-42-78.nrt12.r.cloudfront.net (65.9.42.78): icmp_seq=25 ttl=231 time=130 ms
2021-08-29T13:03:44.357885604Z 64 bytes from server-65-9-42-78.nrt12.r.cloudfront.net (65.9.42.78): icmp_seq=26 ttl=231 time=128 ms
2021-08-29T13:03:45.360448310Z 64 bytes from server-65-9-42-78.nrt12.r.cloudfront.net (65.9.42.78): icmp_seq=27 ttl=231 time=129 ms
2021-08-29T13:03:46.362365414Z 64 bytes from server-65-9-42-78.nrt12.r.cloudfront.net (65.9.42.78): icmp_seq=28 ttl=231 time=129 ms
2021-08-29T13:03:49.362508740Z 64 bytes from server-65-9-42-78.nrt12.r.cloudfront.net (65.9.42.78): icmp_seq=31 ttl=231 time=129 ms
2021-08-29T13:03:51.364265785Z 64 bytes from server-65-9-42-78.nrt12.r.cloudfront.net (65.9.42.78): icmp_seq=33 ttl=231 time=131 ms
2021-08-29T13:03:54.365170137Z 64 bytes from server-65-9-42-78.nrt12.r.cloudfront.net (65.9.42.78): icmp_seq=36 ttl=231 time=131 ms
2021-08-29T13:03:56.366807947Z 64 bytes from server-65-9-42-78.nrt12.r.cloudfront.net (65.9.42.78): icmp_seq=38 ttl=231 time=131 ms
2021-08-29T13:03:57.366455842Z 64 bytes from server-65-9-42-78.nrt12.r.cloudfront.net (65.9.42.78): icmp_seq=39 ttl=231 time=131 ms
2021-08-29T13:03:58.334405609Z 64 bytes from server-65-9-42-78.nrt12.r.cloudfront.net (65.9.42.78): icmp_seq=40 ttl=231 time=97.5 ms

3、查看容器中进程信息

  docker top 容器ID

[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker top 436d7e51cf42
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                5266                5248                0                   21:03               pts/0               00:00:00            ping www.docker.com

4、查看镜像的元数据

  docker inspect 容器ID

#测试
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker inspect ec6e3fdec8c7
[
    {
        "Id": "ec6e3fdec8c7c01895d7d47a2ab08c93129c9237a7763f295d37b73f4e327095",
        "Created": "2021-08-29T01:53:05.435416978Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "exited",
            "Running": false,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 0,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2021-08-29T01:53:05.774289777Z",
            "FinishedAt": "2021-08-29T01:53:05.773591821Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/ec6e3fdec8c7c01895d7d47a2ab08c93129c9237a7763f295d37b73f4e327095/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/ec6e3fdec8c7c01895d7d47a2ab08c93129c9237a7763f295d37b73f4e327095/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/ec6e3fdec8c7c01895d7d47a2ab08c93129c9237a7763f295d37b73f4e327095/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/ec6e3fdec8c7c01895d7d47a2ab08c93129c9237a7763f295d37b73f4e327095/ec6e3fdec8c7c01895d7d47a2ab08c93129c9237a7763f295d37b73f4e327095-json.log",
        "Name": "/xenodochial_cartwright",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9f58829d0c22ab90bee08aa58ddf072e689f795d72c4dfd3b5a95759a11357da-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b298ad9ced6d87c18f01408e96b63e31dbc7ef41c7b5d6a749e54636a7730b15/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9f58829d0c22ab90bee08aa58ddf072e689f795d72c4dfd3b5a95759a11357da/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9f58829d0c22ab90bee08aa58ddf072e689f795d72c4dfd3b5a95759a11357da/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9f58829d0c22ab90bee08aa58ddf072e689f795d72c4dfd3b5a95759a11357da/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "ec6e3fdec8c7",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "d3fedfdee8e6f0d6aa83a793c4e3e56ef29086f8e2cb6ecafc6c280c3d103b8f",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/d3fedfdee8e6",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "",
            "Gateway": "",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "",
            "IPPrefixLen": 0,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "115a2351052d4f81bc4d8f1c20f87f29da1d4bb50ae3543e2d8a1675b1630dc1",
                    "EndpointID": "",
                    "Gateway": "",
                    "IPAddress": "",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 0,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

5、从容器内拷贝文件到主机上

  docker cp 容器ID:容器内路径 主机路径

  拷贝是一个手动过程，未来我们使用-v卷的技术，可以实现自动同步

五、小结

img

六、练习

1、安装部署nginx

[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker search nginx
NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
nginx                             Official build of Nginx.                        15385     [OK]
jwilder/nginx-proxy               Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con…   2061                 [OK]
richarvey/nginx-php-fpm           Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable of…   816                  [OK]
jc21/nginx-proxy-manager          Docker container for managing Nginx proxy ho…   237
linuxserver/nginx                 An Nginx container, brought to you by LinuxS…   152
tiangolo/nginx-rtmp               Docker image with Nginx using the nginx-rtmp…   140                  [OK]
jlesage/nginx-proxy-manager       Docker container for Nginx Proxy Manager        135                  [OK]
alfg/nginx-rtmp                   NGINX, nginx-rtmp-module and FFmpeg from sou…   105                  [OK]
jasonrivers/nginx-rtmp            Docker images to host RTMP streams using NGI…   92                   [OK]
nginxdemos/hello                  NGINX webserver that serves a simple page co…   71                   [OK]
privatebin/nginx-fpm-alpine       PrivateBin running on an Nginx, php-fpm & Al…   56                   [OK]
nginx/nginx-ingress               NGINX and  NGINX Plus Ingress Controllers fo…   55
nginxinc/nginx-unprivileged       Unprivileged NGINX Dockerfiles                  46
staticfloat/nginx-certbot         Opinionated setup for automatic TLS certs lo…   24                   [OK]
nginx/nginx-prometheus-exporter   NGINX Prometheus Exporter for NGINX and NGIN…   19
schmunk42/nginx-redirect          A very simple container to redirect HTTP tra…   19                   [OK]
nginxproxy/nginx-proxy            Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con…   18
centos/nginx-112-centos7          Platform for running nginx 1.12 or building …   15
centos/nginx-18-centos7           Platform for running nginx 1.8 or building n…   13
raulr/nginx-wordpress             Nginx front-end for the official wordpress:f…   13                   [OK]
flashspys/nginx-static            Super Lightweight Nginx Image                   10                   [OK]
mailu/nginx                       Mailu nginx frontend                            9                    [OK]
sophos/nginx-vts-exporter         Simple server that scrapes Nginx vts stats a…   7                    [OK]
ansibleplaybookbundle/nginx-apb   An APB to deploy NGINX                          2                    [OK]
wodby/nginx                       Generic nginx                                   1                    [OK]
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker pull nginx
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
e1acddbe380c: Already exists
e21006f71c6f: Pull complete
f3341cc17e58: Pull complete
2a53fa598ee2: Pull complete
12455f71a9b5: Pull complete
b86f2ba62d17: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:4d4d96ac750af48c6a551d757c1cbfc071692309b491b70b2b8976e102dd3fef
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
docker.io/library/nginx:latest
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY      TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
nginx           latest    dd34e67e3371   13 days ago    133MB
mysql           latest    5a4e492065c7   13 days ago    514MB
hello-world     latest    d1165f221234   5 months ago   13.3kB
centos          latest    300e315adb2f   8 months ago   209MB
80x86/typecho   latest    3437f7346b4c   2 years ago    53.9MB
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker run -d --name nginx01 -p 3344:80 nginx
d0850b4943fcd70f14dd895826012a77bdb219b992060fc31fea07d8f5536803
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                                   NAMES
d0850b4943fc   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   5 seconds ago   Up 4 seconds   0.0.0.0:3344->80/tcp, :::3344->80/tcp   nginx01
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# curl localhost:3344
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
    body {
        width: 35em;
        margin: 0 auto;
        font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

img

img

2、安装部署Tomcat

#官方的使用
docker run -it --rm tomcat:9.0
#我们之前的启动都是后台，停止了容器之后，容器还是可以查到 而--rm一般用来测试，用完就删除容器


#下载再运行
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker pull tomcat
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker run -d -p 3355:8080 --name tomcat01 tomcat
64dc6975f6e47c040b7c476f7a4aa8af43fff314cfc3bcc539da5524b7b1d2c5

#测试访问发现找不到

#进入容器
[root@VM-0-15-centos ~]# docker exec -it tomcat01 /bin/bash
root@64dc6975f6e4:/usr/local/tomcat# ls
BUILDING.txt     LICENSE  README.md      RUNNING.txt  conf  logs            temp     webapps.dist
CONTRIBUTING.md  NOTICE   RELEASE-NOTES  bin          lib   native-jni-lib  webapps  work
root@64dc6975f6e4:/usr/local/tomcat# cd webapps
root@64dc6975f6e4:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps# ls
root@64dc6975f6e4:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps#

#发现问题：1、Linux命令少了 2、没有webapps
#阿里云镜像的原因。默认是最小的镜像，所有不必要的都剔除掉
#保证最小的可运行环境！

img

#ROOT在webapps.dist目录下
root@64dc6975f6e4:/usr/local/tomcat# cd webapps.dist
root@64dc6975f6e4:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps.dist# ls
ROOT  docs  examples  host-manager  manager
root@64dc6975f6e4:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps.dist# cd ..
root@64dc6975f6e4:/usr/local/tomcat# cp -r webapps.dist/* webapps
root@64dc6975f6e4:/usr/local/tomcat#

#再次测试，成功

img